callosity

A corn (med. clavus) is a round, calloused area of skin with a hard, central core that grows inwards and can cause pain. Corns are caused by long-term pressure or friction, usually on the feet (toes, ball of the foot, heel) or less frequently on the hands.

Causes:

Shoes that are too tight or ill-fitting
Permanent friction or pressure points (e.g. due to misalignments such as hallux valgus or hammer toes)
Frequent mechanical strain (e.g. from sport or standing for long periods)
Dry skin or excessive callus formation

Symptoms:

Small, round, keratinized area with a yellowish-white or transparent surface
Painful when pressure is applied, as the core presses inwards
Difference to warts: corns have no black dots (small blood vessels), as is often the case with plantar warts

Treatment options:

1. mechanical removal

Gently remove calluses with a pumice stone or file after a foot bath
Podiatry treatment if the corn is deep or very painful

2. keratolytic agents (callus-dissolving products)

Salicylic acid patches or creams → soften the corn and make it easier to remove
Urea creams to prevent new cornification

3. orthopaedic measures

Pressure protection rings or pads to relieve the affected area
Better shoes with enough space for the toes
Orthopaedic insoles to distribute pressure if misalignments exist

4. surgical removal (only in severe cases)

If the corn keeps recurring or is very deep-seated

Prevention:

✅ Wear comfortable, well-fitting shoes
✅ Regular foot care to avoid excessive calluses
✅ Relieve pressure points at an early stage (e.g. with plasters or pads)