Hammer toe
A hammer toe is a toe deformity in which the middle joint of one or more small toes is permanently bent. This makes the toe look like a "hammer". This misalignment can be painful and lead to pressure sores, corns and discomfort when walking.
Causes:
- Incorrect footwear (narrow, high or pointed shoes)
- Misalignment of the foot (e.g. splayfoot, hallux valgus)
- Muscle weakness or imbalance
- Neurological diseases (e.g. diabetes, nerve disorders)
- Osteoarthritis or rheumatism
Symptoms:
- Visible flexion of the toe in the middle joint
- Pressure points, corns or calluses on the joint
- Pain, especially in shoes
- Difficulty rolling the foot
Treatment options:
Conservative (non-surgical):
- Comfortable, wide shoes with enough space for the toes
- Orthopaedic insoles to relieve pressure
- Toe splints or pads to protect against friction
- Foot gymnastics and physiotherapy to strengthen the muscles
Operational:
- If there is severe pain or restricted movement
- Removal or stiffening of the affected joint