Hematoma

A hematoma, also known colloquially as a "bruise", is an accumulation of blood in the tissue that occurs when blood vessels (e.g. small veins or capillaries) rupture and blood leaks into the surrounding tissue. This can be caused by injuries, bruises or operations. People with an increased risk of bleeding (e.g. with coagulation disorders or after taking blood-thinning medication) are also particularly susceptible.

Typical signs

Discoloration of the skin: Initially blue-red, later yellowish-green or brownish tones may develop.
Swelling: The affected area may swell due to the discharge of blood and tissue fluid.
Pressure pain and tenderness when touched.

Treatment and progression

Cooling in the acute phase (e.g. with cool packs or cold water) relieves pain and reduces the spread of the bruise.
Rest and, if necessary, elevation of the affected extremity reduce swelling.
A hematoma usually heals on its own without complications; the body gradually breaks down the accumulated blood.

In rare cases, such as very large bruises or if an infection also occurs, medical intervention may be necessary (e.g. surgical relief or antibiotics). Persistent discomfort or an unusually long healing time should be clarified medically.